Composition of matter for generating heat.



-,"Thank- TONE, crux-henna rants, NEW YORK]- .d i gne Po n. I r sj s s 159mg combustlon', and, capable of l oqill camera:

Application n thatfI, FRANK J. TONE, 50f 1 Niagara county, New York, anewand useful Composition Generating. Heat, of which the (description.- v onE'relates" to as new compos t on Prov-Me a- 'composition jfofflthis character containing g elements an 1,---com'- high-heats of.

" the reductionof ,metals' landjother purposes.

In thewell known alumin'o-ther'mic proc essfor the welding of metals andfsim'ilar uses, a 'material commercially named "fthe'rmit and consisting substantially of 'amixture oxid,'-is employed. The reaction between the metal and'oxid results in the reduction of v the iron o'x'idand the oxidationof the aluminum. The heat generated by this reaction is in a number of ways.

very great and has found useful application I The temperature gen-' erated by thesereactions and the efliciency "of these mixturesfor'heating purposes is directly proportional to "the net total number ofgheat units developed and inversely proenergy density portional to the 'mass of the mixture. If the total heat developed is large and the mass of the mixture at the-same time is small, the

through --the mass and hence the degree of temperature will be high. On

the other hand, great heat cannot be generated if the mass of mixture per unit-of oxygen or per unit of theelementto be oxidized isllarge; nor likewise if the heat of combustion of the element to be oxidized is A not greatly in excess .of the heat of forma- It will tion of the oxygen compound to be reduced.

In'order to compute the net number of heat units generated by the reaction of a mixture of silicon and ferric oxidmade up, using molecular equivalents of the two substances according to the following equation:

there must be deducted from the heat of formation of SiO, the heat required to raise the mass to the temperature of, reaction, the heat of fusion of the substances, 'and the heat required to dissociate the ferric oxid. be seen, therefore, that if it were .possible to substitute for the ferric oxid,- an oxygen-compound having less massper unlt of oxygen and less heat of formation per he generationf of. heat; and is ing'; used .lfo

of finely divided aluminum and "ferric COMPOSITION OF MATTER. FOR GENERATING HEAT.

unit of mass, there would'be' a gain in the energy density of the mixture. Among the substances which answer this requirement may be 'mentionedpotassium permangasodium peroxid and other compounds which compounds, and which give up oxygen either with little absorption of heat, or with an evolution of heat. It is found,*however, that when a mixture 'lS made, for instance ofv silicon and potassium chlorate, according to the following equation: I

plosi've in character and one which can not be made use of in practical work; Q

I have discovered that by replacing only a part of the ferric oxid with a highly oxidized oxygen compound, there is no explo- "sion or tendency of the mixture to be thrown out ofthe containing vessel, and that the energy densityof the mass is greatly'.increased." .Inpractice I have found that by taking one part'of a mixture of silicon and potassium chlorate made. up in accordance with equation (2) and three ture of silicon and ferric oxld made up in accordance with equation (1), I get very satisfactory results. The reaction, after being initiated, proceeds without violence, and the heat generated is more intense. I do. not

confine myself, however, to the proportions above stated. In a like manner, I may replace a portion of the more stable ironoxid by potassium permanganate and greatly increase the energy density and the 'efiiciency of heating. The method may likewise be applied to processes using in place of silicon alone, silicon alloysfsilicids, or mixtures of silicon with other elements or compounds which, upon combination with oxygen, have excessively high heats of combustlon.

The advantages of my invention result from the increased heat evolved in connection with the reduction in mass. action is avoided, and the action andeflicient.

I claim is simple stance, a normal oxygen compound of an element having less afiinityfor oxygen than s possessed the metal, and ,a highly 0x1 b. dizedunsta le oxygen compound.

parts of a mix-' Explosive Patented Nov.- 9, 1909.

n'ate," potassium chlorate, barium peroxid,'

I 'call highly oxidized .unstable oxygen the reaction is so violent as-tobe almost ex- 1. As a new composition of matter, mix- 1 ture of finely-divided metal-containing subture of finely divi 2. As a new composition of matter, a mixture of finely divided silicon-eontaining substance, a normal oxy en compound of an element havin less a nity for oxygen than is possessed y the silicon, and a highly oxidized unstable oxygen compound.

3. As a new composition of matter, a mixture of finely divided silicon, a. normal oxygen compound of an element having less afiinity for oxygen than is possessed by the silicon, and a highly oxidized unstable oxygen compound.

4. As a new composition of matter, a mixity for oxygen than is possessed by the metal of said substance, an potassium permanganate.

5. As a new composition of matter, a mix V ed metal-containing substance, a'normal oxy en compound of an element having less a ture of finely divided silicon, a normal oxygen compound of an element having less affinity for oxygen than is possessed by the silicon, and potassium permanganate.

6. As a new compositionof matter, a mixture of finely divided silicon, ferric oxid, and a highly oxidized unstable oxygen compound. 1

7 As a new composition of matter, a mixture of finely dividedsilicon-containing substance, a ferric oxid, and potassium permanganate.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand.

FRANK J. TONE.

Witnesses FRED I. PIERCE, CHARLES OHonMnNn. 

